Long-term Protoplanetary Disk Evolution from Molecular Cloud Core Collapse and Implications for Planet Formation. II. Strong Disk Self-gravity

Abstract We continue to investigate long-term protoplanetary disk evolution and focus on the situation of strong self-gravity (DSG). call such a type III disk. A large amount mass is stored in due angular momentum. When becomes massive enough, dense region (DR) formed gravitational instability. This instability triggered by combined effect radial attraction decrease scale height. Viscosity cannot smooth out DR DSG. further subsequent under assumption axisymmetry. Besides viscous process, momentum flux caused perturbation DSG also plays role transport The combination two processes results efficient outer prevents from becoming very massive. Due interaction between inner disk, gap them formed. gives nonplanetary origin gap. In ?10 6 yr, surface density plateau low are there several locations where drift solids can be stopped. Objects may remember some properties DR, as particular, planetary system with wide-orbit giant planets DR. Finally, it still difficult identify what solar nebula belongs to.